Streams and canyons there show a great deal of offset, allowing for some dating of the structures to take place. In the Carrizo Plain, it is evidenced by a large “gash” running through the valley. In the Southern California, the fault shows itself in many ways. Movement along the fault is right-lateral and strike-slip, which means each side is sliding by horizontally instead of vertically. The San Andreas Fault is a transform boundary connecting the Cascadia Subduction Zone near Cape Mendocino to the Imperial Valley, where it reaches the Brawley Seismic Zone, about 800 miles in length. It also changed this portion of the boundary to a transform fault. When this plate boundary came onshore, there was a fair amount of volcanism, as demonstrated in a lot of Miocene rock in Southern California. Some sections still exist today, comprising part of the East Pacific Rise. The former plate boundary between the Farallon and the Pacific Plates was a spreading center. The fault began forming in the Miocene Epoch, about 30 million years ago, when the North American Plate finally overrode the remainder of the Farallon Plate. Through Southern California, it stays a fair distance from major population centers until the Cajon Pass, where it passes right next to San Bernardino, Redlands, and Palm Springs. It is the fault that people in California refer to as THE Fault. The San Andreas Fault is probably the most famous of fault lines.
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